Objective To analyze the characteristics of (suspected) occupational diseases and contraindications identified through occupational health examinations at a certain occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital in Shenzhen, providing scientific evidence for optimizing occupational disease prevention measures.

Methods The occupational health examination data at a certain occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital in Shenzhen conducted between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed; the suspected occupational diseases, occupational contraindications, and the work on re-examination were specifically reported.

Results The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.07%. The predominant hazard factor was noise, and the proportion of suspected occupational noise-induced deafness increased annually, rising from 47.83% in 2020 to 84.62% in 2024. Other significant hazards were dust, benzene series compounds, and hand-transmitted vibration. The detection rate of occupational contraindicatio ns was 1.44%. The noise-related contraindications accounted for the highest proportion (30.38% to 57.03%) but showed a decreasing trend year by year. In contrast, contraindications related to radiation hazards and professional motor vehicle driving showed an increased trend. The required re-examination rate for pre-employment and on-duty assessments was relatively high (9.50% to 12.22%), but the rate of non-compliance with re-examination remained persistently high (32.14% to 59.32%), which may significantly hinder the diagnosis of suspected occupational diseases and contraindications.

Conclusions The prevention and control of occupational disease in Shenzhen should prioritize noise exposure. It is recommended to establish a collaborative mechanism involving "government-enterprise-workers-medical institutions" to comprehensively improve the level of occupational health protection in Shenzhen.