Abstract: Objective To assess the level of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) health literacy among office workers and analyze its influencing factors so as to provide a basis for developing targeted interventions. Methods From January to April 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted among office workers from six commercial buildings in Hongkou District, Shanghai, to evaluate their TCM health literacy. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze its influencing factors. Results A total of 937 office workers were surveyed, and 915 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 97.7%. The overall TCM health literacy level among respondents was 47.3%. The literacy levels in the dimensions of basic TCM concepts, healthy lifestyle, public-appropriate methods, cultural knowledge, and information comprehension ability of them were 59.0%, 61.5%, 13.1%, 54.4%, and 54.9%, respectively. Regression analysis showed that educational level, household monthly income per capita, and self-rated health status were the main influencing factors. The overall literacy level was higher in the junior college/bachelor’s degree group (OR = 2.46, 95%CI: 1.41 to 4.32) and the master’s degree or above group (OR = 3.60, 95%CI: 1.86 to 6.98) compared to the high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school group. The group with a household monthly income per capita of 10 000 to 19 999 RMB had a higher literacy than the group with < 5 000 RMB (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.05). Individuals with self-rated “good” health status had a lower literacy level than those with “relatively poor or poor” health status (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16 to 0.68). Individuals with higher educational levels or poorer self-rated health had higher literacy across all dimensions. Those with higher household monthly income per capita showed significantly higher literacy in the dimension of basic TCM concepts (P < 0.05). The female and individuals aged > 50 years had relatively higher literacy in the healthy lifestyle dimension (both P < 0.05). Conclusions The TCM health literacy among office workers needs improvement. The stratified intervention strategies should be developed based on differences in education, economic status, and self-rated health to promote TCM health education and workplace well-being.