长工时对金属制品业劳动者工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患和睡眠障碍的影响

虞心阳; 陈惠清; 张润; 杨敏; 向蓥飞; 吴君乐; 夏冰; 李晓艺; 黄曼琪

doi:10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250559

长工时对金属制品业劳动者工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患和睡眠障碍的影响

Impact of long working hours on work-related musculoskeletal disorders and sleep disturbances among metal products industry workers

摘要

摘要:

目的了解金属制品业劳动者长工时、工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）和睡眠障碍现况，分析长工时对WMSDs和睡眠障碍的影响。

方法 2022年8—9月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法，选择广东省117家金属制品制造企业的5 193名劳动者为研究对象，采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查量表》《自评睡眠量表》评估研究对象的WMSDs和睡眠障碍情况，采用二分类logistic回归分析长工时对WMSDs和睡眠障碍的影响。

结果金属制品业长工时劳动者占比为61.72%（3 205/5 193），WMSDs和睡眠障碍检出率分别为47.02%（2 442/5 193）和20.41%（1 060/5 193）。logistic回归分析结果显示：（1）在排除年龄、受教育程度、企业规模、企业性质、长时间伏案低头或身体前倾坐立工作、长时间保持同一姿势工作、社会支持、自主性和抑郁倾向等混杂因素影响后，周工作时长为WMSDs发生的独立影响因素（P<0.05），与≤40 h组劳动者比较，41~44 h、45~48 h、49~54 h和≥55 h组发生WMSDs的风险均升高（OR=1.370、1.382、1.612、1.627，P<0.05）。（2）在排除性别、长时间伏案低头或身体前倾坐立工作、高强度重复用力作业、自主性、抑郁倾向和焦虑情绪等混杂因素影响后，周工作时长为睡眠障碍发生的独立影响因素（P<0.05），与≤40 h组劳动者比较，45~48 h、49~54 h组劳动者发生睡眠障碍的风险均升高（OR=1.355、1.343，P<0.05）。

结论长工时作业可增加金属制品业劳动者WMSDs和睡眠障碍的发生风险，提示企业要优化工时管理，合理安排劳动者工作时长。

Abstract:

Objective To examine the prevalence of long working hours, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), and sleep disturbances among workers in the metal products industry and to assess the impact of long working hours on WMSDs and sleep disturbances.

Methods During August and September 2022, a total of 5 193 workers from 117 metal products manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling. WMSDs and sleep disturbances were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire and the Self-Rating Sleep Scale, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of long working hours on WMSDs and sleep disturbances.

Results Among these workers, 61.72% (3 205/5 193) worked long hours, and the prevalence of WMSDs and sleep disturbances was 47.02% (2 442/5 193) and 20.41% (1 060/5 193), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that (1) after adjusting for potential confounders including age, education level, enterprise size, enterprise type, prolonged desk work with head-down or forward-leaning sitting posture, prolonged static postures, social support, job autonomy, and depressive tendencies, weekly working hours remained an independent risk factor for WMSDs (P<0.05). Compared with the ≤ 40 hours group, workers in the 41 to 44, 45 to 48, 49 to 54, and ≥ 55 hours groups showed elevated risks of WMSDs (OR=1.370, 1.382, 1.612, and 1.627, respectively; all P<0.05). (2) After adjusting for potential confounders including gender, prolonged desk work with head-down or forward-leaning sitting posture, high-intensity repetitive force exertion, job autonomy, depressive tendencies, and anxiety, the weekly working hours remained an independent risk factor for sleep disturbances (P<0.05). Compared with the ≤ 40 hours group, workers in the 45 to 48 and 49 to 54 hours groups showed elevated risks of sleep disturbances (OR = 1.355 and 1.343, respectively; both P<0.05).

Conclusions Long working hours increased the risk of WMSDs and sleep disturbances among metal products industry workers. These findings suggested that enterprises should optimize working hour management and arrange reasonable work schedules to protect worker health.

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