阮燕梅, 张晋蔚, 王致. 吸烟、饮食口味与汽车制造业工人噪声性听力损失的相关性研究J. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2026, 44(3): 307-312,338. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250575
引用本文: 阮燕梅, 张晋蔚, 王致. 吸烟、饮食口味与汽车制造业工人噪声性听力损失的相关性研究J. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2026, 44(3): 307-312,338. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250575
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RUAN Yanmei, ZHANG Jinwei, WANG Zhi. Correlation of smoking and dietary taste preferences on noise-induced hearing loss of automobile manufacturing workersJ. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2026, 44(3): 307-312,338. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250575
Citation: RUAN Yanmei, ZHANG Jinwei, WANG Zhi. Correlation of smoking and dietary taste preferences on noise-induced hearing loss of automobile manufacturing workersJ. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2026, 44(3): 307-312,338. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250575
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吸烟、饮食口味与汽车制造业工人噪声性听力损失的相关性研究

Correlation of smoking and dietary taste preferences on noise-induced hearing loss of automobile manufacturing workers

    摘要
  • 摘要:

    目的 探讨噪声外其他因素对汽车制造业工人的噪声性听力损失的影响，为预防企业工人听力损失提供科学依据。

    方法 2019年对随机抽取的3家汽车制造企业的3 600名汉族男性工人进行横断面调查，收集和汇总个人生活行为习惯、职业健康检查信息和职业暴露史，采用logistic回归模型分析饮食口味和吸烟对噪声性听力损失发生风险的联合作用。

    结果 回收有效问卷3 266份，有效回收率为90.7%。有575名工人患有噪声性听力损失，发生率为17.6%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：（1）年龄和累积噪声暴露（CNE）增加可能是发生噪声性听力损失的危险因素（OR=1.459~2.489，P < 0.05），规范佩戴噪声防护用品可能是发生噪声性听力损失的保护因素（OR=0.760，P < 0.05）；与不吸烟者相比，吸烟量多者（≥11支/d）发生听力损失的风险更高（OR=1.360，P < 0.05），与饮食口味清淡者相比，饮食口味偏咸者发生听力损失的风险更高（OR=1.738，P < 0.05）。（2）与不吸烟且饮食口味清淡的参与者相比，饮食口味偏咸且不吸烟者、饮食口味偏咸且吸烟量较少者（1~10支/d）、饮食口味偏咸且吸烟量较多者（≥11支/d）发生听力损失风险依次上升（OR=1.464、1.872、1.888，P < 0.05）；而在饮食口味清淡的亚组中，吸烟量与NIHL发生风险的关联无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。

    结论 饮食口味偏咸和吸烟可能是听力损失的危险因素，饮食偏咸可能会加剧吸烟对耳蜗的损伤效应。建议企业从源头降低噪声强度，缩短员工高噪声暴露时长，通过健康宣教，引导员工戒烟、减少高盐饮食，形成对噪声性听力损失的长效防控机制。

     

    Abstract:

    Objective To explore the impact of factors other than noise on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among automobile manufacturing workers, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing hearing loss in this occupational group.

    Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3 600 Han Chinese male workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. Data on personal lifestyle habits, occupational health examination results, and occupational exposure history were collected and summarized. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of dietary taste preferences and smoking on the risk of NIHL.

    Results A total of 3 266 valid questionnaires were recovered, yielding a response rate of 90.7%. Among them, 575 workers were diagnosed with NIHL, with a prevalence of 17.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed: (1) age and cumulative noise exposure (CNE) were significant risk factors for NIHL (OR = 1.459 to 2.489, P < 0.05), while proper use of hearing protection devices was a protective factor (OR = 0.760, P < 0.05). Compared with non-smokers, heavy smokers (≥11 cigarettes/day) had a higher risk of hearing loss (OR = 1.360, P < 0.05). Compared with workers with a light-taste diet, those with a salty dietary preference had a higher risk of hearing loss (OR = 1.738, P < 0.05). (2) Compared with non-smokers with a light-taste diet, workers with a salty diet who were non-smokers, light smokers (1 to 10 cigarettes/day), and heavy smokers (≥11 cigarettes/day) showed progressively increased risks of NIHL (OR = 1.464, 1.872, and 1.888, respectively; P < 0.05). In contrast, within the light-taste subgroup, smoking quantity was not significantly associated with NIHL risk (P > 0.05).

    Conclusions Both salty dietary preference and smoking may be independent risk factors for hearing loss, and a salty diet may exacerbate the cochlear damage caused by smoking. Enterprises should reduce noise intensity at the source, shorten workers ’exposure duration to high noise levels, and implement health education programs to encourage smoking cessation and reduced salt intake, thereby establishing a long-term prevention and control mechanism for NIHL.

     

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