黄钊颖, 欧秦余, 李泽鹏, 陈思敏, 高信, 夏涛, 张颖茵, 罗熙, 苏世标. 基于实测个人声衰减值的汽车制造业工人护听器防护效果及其影响因素研究J. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2026, 44(2): 169-172. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250651
引用本文: 黄钊颖, 欧秦余, 李泽鹏, 陈思敏, 高信, 夏涛, 张颖茵, 罗熙, 苏世标. 基于实测个人声衰减值的汽车制造业工人护听器防护效果及其影响因素研究J. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2026, 44(2): 169-172. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250651
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HUANG Zhaoying, OU Qinyu, LI Zepeng, CHEN Simin, GAO Xin, XIA Tao, ZHANG Yingyin, LUO Xi, SU Shibiao. Protective effect of hearing protectors and its determinants among automobile manufacturing workers based on measured personal attenuation ratingsJ. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2026, 44(2): 169-172. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250651
Citation: HUANG Zhaoying, OU Qinyu, LI Zepeng, CHEN Simin, GAO Xin, XIA Tao, ZHANG Yingyin, LUO Xi, SU Shibiao. Protective effect of hearing protectors and its determinants among automobile manufacturing workers based on measured personal attenuation ratingsJ. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2026, 44(2): 169-172. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2026.250651
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基于实测个人声衰减值的汽车制造业工人护听器防护效果及其影响因素研究

Protective effect of hearing protectors and its determinants among automobile manufacturing workers based on measured personal attenuation ratings

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解汽车制造企业噪声作业人群护听器防护效果现状，探索汽车制造业工人护听器防护效果的影响因素。
    方法 2022年7—9月，选取广东省3家汽车制造企业作为调查现场，使用问卷对工人基本情况、噪声接触情况和护听器使用情况进行调查，检测接触噪声工作岗位工人接触噪声水平；使用3M E-A-Rfit双耳验证系统测试工人佩戴耳塞的基线个人声衰减值（PAR）。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析护听器使用效果的影响因素。
    结果 共发放900份问卷，采纳有效问卷873份，问卷有效率为97.0%。个体接触噪声声级范围为80 ~ 100 dB（A），基线PAR总体通过率为77.1%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：企业性质、性别、主观认知与基线PAR通过率存在关联。男性员工基线PAR通过率比女性更高（OR = 1.906，95%CI：1.348 ~ 2.694）；相比主观认为没有正确使用护听器的劳动者，自我认同正确使用的劳动者基线PAR通过率更高（OR = 1.530，95%CI：1.052 ~ 2.226）。
    结论 汽车制造业工人护听器防护效果有待提高。汽车制造企业应通过强化治理体系、提供定制化听力防护及适配指导、推动厂商开发适宜产品、落实实效培训考核以及源头降噪等综合措施，切实保障接噪工人的职业健康。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To assess the current status of hearing protector effectiveness among noise-exposed workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises and to identify factors influencing personal attenuation performance.
    Methods From July to September 2022, three automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as study sites. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on workers' demographic characteristics, noise exposure, and hearing protector use. Workplace noise exposure levels were measured for workers in noise-exposed positions. The baseline personal attenuation ratings (PARs) for workers wearing earplugs were tested using the 3M E-A-Rfit Dual-Ear Validation System. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to analyze factors associated with hearing protector performance.
    Results A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed, and 873 valid responses were obtained (effective response rate of 97.0%). Individual noise exposure levels ranged from 80 to 100 dB(A). The overall baseline PAR pass rate was 77.1%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that enterprise type, sex, and subjective perception of correct hearing-protector use were associated with baseline PAR pass rates. Male workers had higher PAR pass rates than female workers (OR = 1.906; 95%CI: 1.348 to 2.694). Compared with workers who believed they did not use hearing protectors correctly, those who self-identified correct use had higher PAR pass rates (OR = 1.530; 95%CI: 1.052 to 2.226).
    Conclusions The protective effectiveness of hearing protectors among automobile manufacturing workers needs improvement. Automobile manufacturing enterprises should strengthen occupational health governance systems, promote the development of suitable products by manufacturers, provide customized hearing protection and fit-testing guidance, implement effective training and competency assessments, and adopt comprehensive noise-control measures at the source to better safeguard the health of noise-exposed workers.

     

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