Abstract: The railway transportation of dangerous goods,such as inflammable or combustible goods,explosive goods,hazard goods,corrosive goods and radioactive goods,are normally with long distance and in enormous volume. The influence and damage will be tremendous in case of accident caused by those mobile dangerous goods. In order to reduce the loss to minimum,the hazards and safety management of dangerous goods will be introduced and the risk factors of dangerous goods will be analyzed in this article. The accident risk of railway transportation of dangerous goods could be prevented effectively by establishing the effective risk warning mechanism and enhancing the emergency security system,based on the emergency coordination mechanism for railway transportation of dangerous goods.