Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical effect of rosiglitazone in treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Totally 60 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from 2013 to 2014 were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., the conventional treatment group and the conventional plus rosiglitazone treatment group. The records of symptom, the examination of chest radiograph, blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were made. Results A total effective rate was 53.33% in the rosiglitazone treated group while 43.33% in the conventional group(P<0.05). The clinical symptom score; the lung function indicators, such as TCL, FVC and DLCO; the arterial blood gas indicators such as PaCO₂ and PaO₂ showed that the patients had significant improvement after treatment (P<0.05)and the patients in the rosiglitazone treated group improved much better than the patients in the conventional group(P<0.05). Conclusion Adjuvant therapy with rosiglitazone can improve the clinical symptoms, lung function, indicators of blood gas analysis and the quality of life of such patients.