Abstract: The arterial blood gas analysis and lung function test are relatively important in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis. In order to explore the different effect of arterial blood gas analysis and lung function test of pneumoconiosis patients, this article discussed the affecting factors, the consistency and inconsistency, the convenience of examination, the sensitivity and the use of these two indicators. In a sense, arterial blood gas analysis is more objectively and directly than lung function test, and of great help to improve the accuracy of disability grade classification.