Abstract: Objective To understand workers' chronic musculoskeletal injury in the electrolytic aluminium factory. Methods A total of 100 workers in an aluminium electrolytic factory and 100 administrative staff (as control) were studied. Results The prevalence of musculoskeletal injury in the observed group was higher (54.00%) than that of the control group (14.00%), and the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.05). The low-back pain was mostly reported. The prevalence of musculoskeletal injury at shoulders,wrists and back of the observed group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The prevalence was positively related to the employment time in this factory. The workers engaged in operation with fixed standing posture had a higher prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal injury than the other workers (P<0.008). Conclusion The leading risk factor of the workers' musculoskeletal injuries in the electrolytic aluminium factory was long hours'work with the same posture. It is necessary to take measures to prevent the disease.