Abstract: Nuclear accidents respect no borders and nuclear emergency rescue is vital for our life. The emergency management for nuclear accident provide the solid backing for the safety operation of nuclear power plant. In this article, all literatures on the emergency response capability against nuclear accidents in China were collected. The concepts and classification of nuclear accidents were firstly clarified and then the nuclear accident emergency system and its coordination mechanism were summarized. The elements of nuclear accident emergency management ability and related evaluation measures were discussed. It is of necessity and urgency to take the hierarchical management system in the capacity building of nuclear accident emergency rescue.