两种理论联合评估某电子企业员工职业紧张状况
Occupational stress of employees in an electronic company: comparison of JDC and ERI models
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摘要:目的 联合使用两种职业紧张理论评估某电子企业员工的职业紧张状况, 并分析其影响因素。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法, 使用基于工作要求-自主模式(job demand-control model, JDC模式)和付出-回报失衡模式(effort-reward imbalance model, ERI模式)两种理论的中文版问卷对892名员工的职业紧张状况进行调查, 并分析其影响因素。结果 892名员工的JDC和ERI模式职业紧张检出率分别为48.5%和10.5%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:婚姻状况、健康状况、月收入和教育程度是JDC模式职业紧张的主要影响因素; 以已婚者为对照, 未婚组的OR为1.66(P < 0.01);以健康状况好组为对照, 健康状况一般和较差组的OR值为2.25、3.09(P < 0.01或0.05);以月收入≥ 4 000元为对照, < 3 000元组的OR值为2.20(P < 0.01);以初中及以下学历为对照, 大学本科及以上学历组的OR值为2.20(P < 0.05)。ERI模式职业紧张的主要影响因素是婚姻状况和健康状况; 以已婚组为对照, 未婚组的OR值为1.97(P < 0.05);以健康状况好组为对照, 健康状况较差组的OR值为6.16(P < 0.01)。结论 该电子企业员工职业紧张状况不佳, 应关注重点员工的健康状况, 定期举办心理健康知识宣传教育, 促进员工的身心健康。Abstract:Objective The occupational stress of employees in an electronic company was studied with JDC and ERI models.Methods Totally 892 employees in an electronic company were investigated with the Chinese version of job content questionnaire(JCQ)based on job demand-control (JDC)model and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire model.Results Among 892 employees, the positive rates of occupational stress calculated based on the JDC and ERI models were 48.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic analysis indicated that marital status, physical health conditions, monthly income and education level were the influence factors of occupational stress calculated based on the JDC model. The risk of occupational stress was 1.66 (the unmarried vs. married), 2.25 and 3.09 (the poor vs. moderate health and good health condition), 2.20 (the monthly income lower than 4 000 RMB vs. others) and 2.20 (the higher vs. lower education), respectively(P < 0.01). For the occupational stress calculated based on ERI model, the multivariate logistic analysis showed that marital status and physical health conditions were the influence factors. The risk of occupational stress was 1.97 (the unmarried vs. married) and 6.16 (the poor vs. good health condition)(P < 0.01).Conclusion The occupational stress of employees in the electronic company is obvious and more attention should be paid to specific subgroups of workers. The intervention measures, including mental health education, should be taken regularly to alleviate workers' occupational stress.
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