2011—2014年某医院职业相关皮肤病就诊情况特征分析
Characteristic of occupation related dermatoses diagnosed in a hospital from 2011 to 2014
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摘要:目的 总结和分析2011-2014年上海市皮肤病医院诊断的职业相关皮肤病患者的职业性危害因素等相关信息, 为加强职业性皮肤病的防治提供科学依据。方法 收集2011年1月1日-2014年12月31日该院临床皮肤科医师在日常接诊过程中诊治的职业相关皮肤病的首诊病例127例, 通过问诊的方式完成环境与职业皮肤病诊疗记录表。采用EpiData 3.1建立数据库, 经双人录入进行一致性检验和纠错后, 用Excel 2007软件进行统计学分析。结果 职业相关皮肤病以男性多发, 发病年龄以36~45岁居多, 其次为46~55岁。7月、8月、9月、10月是职业相关皮肤病的高发月份, 分别占病例总数的12.6%、11.8%、21.3%和11.8%。随着工龄的增加, 发病人数减少。病例所从事的行业占比依次为美容美发业(占21.3%)、装修装潢(占17.3%)、建筑业(占11.0%)、电子元件制造(占10.2%)等。导致职业相关皮肤病的绝大多数致病因素为成分复杂的混合物, 如水泥、胶水、油漆、洗发水、染发剂等, 占所有可能致病因素的92.9%。结论 在大中型企业职业病防治得到有效控制的基础上, 对小微型企业的职业病预防控制和健康促进应给予适度的关注, 以减少职业相关皮肤病的发生。同时, 建议加强职业相关皮肤病多发行业中职业病危害因素的调查研究。Abstract:Objective To learn the characteristics of the outpatients with occupation related dermatoses(OD) in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital during 2011 to 2014.Methods The data of 127 patients diagnosed by dermatologist among daily treatment and diagnostic operations were abstracted and analyzed.Results Most cases were males, aged with 36 to 45 years old. The most outpatients were noted in July, August, September and October (accounting for 12.6%, 11.8%, 21.3% and 11.8%, respectively). Most cases were new employed, distributed in beauty industry (21.3%), decorating business(17.3%), construction (11.0%)and electronic element manufacture(10.2%), etc. The occupational risks were mostly mixture of chemicals (92.9%).Conclusion The fast growth of small industries are still the main sources for OD after the well control and prevention of OD among large enterprises. We should pay more attention to this kind of small enterprise accordingly.
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