荣幸, 何易楠, 张晋蔚, 李勇勤, 杜伟佳, 王致. 广州市2014—2016年典型制造企业职业病危害因素哨点监测研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2018, 36(5): 389-393. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.05.003
引用本文: 荣幸, 何易楠, 张晋蔚, 李勇勤, 杜伟佳, 王致. 广州市2014—2016年典型制造企业职业病危害因素哨点监测研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2018, 36(5): 389-393. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.05.003
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RONG Xing, HE Yinan, ZHANG Jinwei, LI Yongqin, DU Weijia, WANG Zhi. Occupational hazards in classical factories and enterprises of Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2016: results of sentinel surveillance[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2018, 36(5): 389-393. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.05.003
Citation: RONG Xing, HE Yinan, ZHANG Jinwei, LI Yongqin, DU Weijia, WANG Zhi. Occupational hazards in classical factories and enterprises of Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2016: results of sentinel surveillance[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2018, 36(5): 389-393. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.05.003
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广州市2014—2016年典型制造企业职业病危害因素哨点监测研究

Occupational hazards in classical factories and enterprises of Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2016: results of sentinel surveillance

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 动态掌握广州市重点行业职业病危害因素的种类和分布情况, 为该市职业卫生监管工作提供科学依据。
    方法 选择广州市职业病危害重点行业的36家企业为监测对象, 对其工作场所职业病危害因素接触水平进行动态监测, 并对职业病危害因素的超标情况进行分析。
    结果 2014-2016年共对36家哨点企业进行了工作场所职业病危害因素的连续性监测, 覆盖487个岗位1 588个检测点。36家企业职业病危害因素超标率为11.34%(180/1 588), 涉及的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、多种化学因素和噪声。不同行业的企业、岗位、检测点超标率差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01), 其中均以化工行业的超标率为低, 船舶修造行业、木质家具制造行业超标率较高。3类超标率在不同年份间比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同职业病危害因素的企业、岗位、检测点超标率均不同, 差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01), 其中均以物理因素(主要为噪声)最高。
    结论 广州市典型制造企业职业病危害情况不容忽视, 其中噪声危害比较严重。船舶修造行业、木质家具制造行业目前仍是广州市职业病危害防控的重点行业, 开展重点行业职业病危害哨点监测是工作场所职业卫生状况监管的重要措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The occupational hazard condition of classical factories and enterprises, in which the sentinel surveillance was carried out, was evaluated, in order to understand the fact of occupational health work in Guangzhou.
    Methods A total of 36 factories and enterprises were chosen as surveillance sentinel, where the measurement of occupational hazards and survey of occupational health manage were consecutively carried out, and the surveillance data was analyzed.
    Results Among these 36 factories the occupational hazards at 487 operating-posts or 1 588 detection points were continuously measured from 2014 to 2016. It was noted that 180 samples had a higher level than national standard, accounting for 11.34%(180/1588). The noncompliance of enterprises, operating-posts and/or detection points varied among different industries(P < 0.01), and chemical industry had the lowest, while shipbuilding and wooden furniture manufacture industries had higher noncompliance. The noncompliance of enterprises, operating-posts and/or detection points varied among different occupational hazards(P < 0.01), and noise was the most serious occupational hazard.
    Conclusion The noise hazard of classical factories and enterprises in Guangzhou is serious. We should pay more attention to the occupational health work in the shipbuilding industry and the small and micro enterprises. Sentinel surveillance on occupational hazards are important measures to push the work on occupation health.

     

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