杨秋月, 王海椒, 刘丽华, 张雪娟, 邹晓雪, 刘泽权, 伍家琪. 家具制造企业工人下背部肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素的结构方程模型分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(5): 457-461. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.05.005
引用本文: 杨秋月, 王海椒, 刘丽华, 张雪娟, 邹晓雪, 刘泽权, 伍家琪. 家具制造企业工人下背部肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素的结构方程模型分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(5): 457-461. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.05.005
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YANG Qiuyue, WANG Haijiao, LIU Lihua, ZHANG Xuejuan, ZOU Xiaoxue, LIU Zequan, WU Jiaqi. Analysis of workers' low back musculoskeletal disorders among a furniture manufacture with structural equation model[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(5): 457-461. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.05.005
Citation: YANG Qiuyue, WANG Haijiao, LIU Lihua, ZHANG Xuejuan, ZOU Xiaoxue, LIU Zequan, WU Jiaqi. Analysis of workers' low back musculoskeletal disorders among a furniture manufacture with structural equation model[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(5): 457-461. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.05.005
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家具制造企业工人下背部肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素的结构方程模型分析

Analysis of workers' low back musculoskeletal disorders among a furniture manufacture with structural equation model

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究某家具制造企业工人下背部肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）的危险因素及其影响程度。
    方法 通过横断面调查，对某家具制造企业工人WMSDs现况进行调研，采用结构方程模型对工人下背部肌肉骨骼疾患的危险因素进行分析。
    结果 回收有效问卷437份。该家具制造企业工人2017年下背部WMSDs年患病率为11.21%，因下背部WMSDs病缺勤率为14.29%。基本路径假设为：姿势负荷、心理负荷和工作环境负荷对下背部WMSDs均有直接效应，工作环境负荷还可通过姿势负荷对下背部WMSDs产生间接效应。对构建的结构方程模型进行验证性因子分析，结果为：平均提取方差（AVE）为50.0%~75.7%，表示提取的潜变量代表显变量程度高；组合信度为0.715~0.851，非标准拟合指数（TLI）=0.968，比较拟合指数（CFI）=0.972，近似误差均方根（RMSEA）=0.045，χ2/df=2.56，模型拟合较好。结构方程模型显示：三类潜自变量（姿势负荷、心理负荷和工作环境负荷）可解释下背部WMSDs原因的34.8%；姿势负荷、心理负荷和工作环境负荷对下背部WMSDs存在直接效应，结构系数分别为0.247（P < 0.05）、0.277（P < 0.05）。姿势负荷还可通过工作环境负荷对下背部WMSDs产生间接效应（结构系数=0.225，P < 0.01）。
    结论 姿势负荷和工作环境负荷是下背部肌肉骨骼疾患的危险因素，姿势负荷可通过工作环境负荷对下背部WMSDs产生间接效应。建议家具制造企业调整工作组织制度、加快生产设备升级、加强岗前和在岗培训，降低WMSDs发生风险。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the current situation of low back work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and their influencing factors among furniture manufacture workers.
    Methods The cross-sectional study was designed and structural equation model was constructed to analyze the prevalence of WMSDs and the influencing factors of low back WMSDs among the workers in furniture manufacture.
    Results A total of 437 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of low back WMSDs in this furniture manufacture was 11.21% in 2017. The absence rate due to lower back disease was 14.29%. The basic path hypothesis was that posture load, psychological load and working environment load had direct effect on low back WMSDs, and that working environment load could also had indirect effect on WMSDs of low back WMSDs. The average extraction variance (AVE) was 50.0% to 75.7%, indicating that the latent variables could represent observed variables; the composite reliability was 0.715 to 0.851, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) was 0.968, comparative fitting index (CFI) was 0.972, root mean square error (RMSEA) was 0.045, and χ2/df was 2.56, indicating that the model fitted well. The structural equation model showed that three latent variables (posture load, psychological load and work environment load) could explain 34.8% of the causes of low back WMSDs. Postural load and working environmental load had direct effect on low back WMSDs(path coefficients were 0.247 and 0.277 respectively, P < 0. 05), and postural load had an indirect effect on low back WMSDs through working environmental load(path coefficient was 0.225, P < 0.01).
    Conclusion Posture load and work environmental load were risk factors of workers'low back WMSDs in furniture manufacture, posture load had indirect effect on low back WMSD through working environment load.It is suggested that furniture manufacturing enterprises should improve the work organization system, speed up the upgrading of production equipment, and strengthen pre job and on-the-job training to reduce the risk of WMSDs.

     

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