侯学文, 李广益, 孙晓晨, 姜程. 淄博市2018年高温中暑发病特征及其与气象因子相关性分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.06.014
引用本文: 侯学文, 李广益, 孙晓晨, 姜程. 淄博市2018年高温中暑发病特征及其与气象因子相关性分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.06.014
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HOU Xuewen, LI Guangyi, SUN Xiaochen, JIANG Cheng. Epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke patients in Zibo City in 2018[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.06.014
Citation: HOU Xuewen, LI Guangyi, SUN Xiaochen, JIANG Cheng. Epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke patients in Zibo City in 2018[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.06.014
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淄博市2018年高温中暑发病特征及其与气象因子相关性分析

Epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke patients in Zibo City in 2018

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 描述淄博市2018年高温中暑患者发病特征，分析中暑与气象因子的相关性，为制定高温中暑的防控策略提供依据。
    方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2018年6月1日—9月30日淄博市高温中暑病例报告以及同期淄博市日最高气温、日最低气温和湿度等数据，采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行整理和分析。
    结果 淄博市2018年共报告高温中暑178例，其中重症中暑104例（占58.4%），死亡5例，病死率为2.8%；男性126例（占70.8%），女性52例（占29.2%）；男性平均年龄（59.3±19.5）岁，低于女性的（68.4±19.8）岁（P < 0.01）。60岁以上年龄组高温中暑病例占50.6%。30 ~ 59岁年龄组中，男性在重症中暑中占比更高（P＜0.05）。淄博市2018年高温中暑发病率为4.1/10万。患者以临淄区最多，占31.5%。患者以农民和工人较多，分别占38.8%和36.5%。农民在重症患者中占比高（P＜0.05）。104例重症中暑患者中，中暑时身处户外的有86例（占82.7%），室内中暑的有18例（占17.3%），户外发病的患者以农田劳作和户外工作较多。户外重症中暑病例分布的工作场所主要包括石化生产、建筑工地、物流企业等。男性在户外中暑的比例高于女性（P < 0.01）。轻症中暑、重症中暑病例数与最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度均呈正相关（P < 0.05）。
    结论 淄博市2018年高温中暑病例多发于7—8月，重症中暑病例较多且主要分布在临淄区，户外工作人群以及老年群体是重点防控人群。建议改善工作环境，减少高温接触时间，加强对气温、气湿等气象数据的监测，进一步推进职业健康教育和健康促进。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke patients in Zibo City in 2018 and to analyze the correlation between occurrence of heat stroke and meteorological factors, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control measures against heat stroke.
    Methods The reported data on the heatstroke in Zibo City from June 1 to September 30, 2018 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and humidity data of Zibo City in the same period. The data were summarized and analyzed by SPSS 20.0.
    Results A total of 178 cases of heat stroke were reported in Zibo City in 2018, including 104 cases of severe heat stroke (58.4%), 5 cases of death with mortality of 2.8%. The incidence rate of heat stroke in 2018 was 4.1/100, 000, while 31.5% of the patients occurred in Linzi District; 126 cases (70.8%)were male with average age o(f 59.3 ±19.5)years old and 52 cases(29.2%)were female with the average age o(f 68.4 ±19.8) years old; 50.6% of the cases were over 60 years old. In the age group of 30-59 years, the males accounted for higher proportion of severe heatstroke (P < 0.05). Farmers and workers accounted for 38.8% and 36.5%, respectively, while farmers accounted for higher proportion of severe patients (P < 0.05). Among 104 cases of severe heatstroke, 18 cases (17.3%) occurred indoor, and 86 cases (82.7%), mostly male (P < 0.05), occurred outdoors, including farmland, petrochemical production, construction site, logistics, etc. The number of cases of mild heat stroke and severe heat stroke were positively correlated with the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the humidity (P < 0.05).
    Conclusions The heat stroke cases in Zibo City occurred mostly from July to August in Linzi District. The vulnerable persons were the elder and the persons who working outdoor. It is suggested to improve the working environment, reduce the outdoor working hours, and prepare well according to early warning of meteorological data such as temperature and air humidity, as well as occupational health education and health promotion.

     

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