张平, 张伟伟, 姜采弟, 李晓岩, 陈浩, 张英, 黄沪涛. 口腔医生肌肉骨骼疾患与工作负荷的相关性分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2021, 39(1): 6-11. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.01.002
引用本文: 张平, 张伟伟, 姜采弟, 李晓岩, 陈浩, 张英, 黄沪涛. 口腔医生肌肉骨骼疾患与工作负荷的相关性分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2021, 39(1): 6-11. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.01.002
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ZHANG Ping, ZHANG Weiwei, JIANG Caidi, LI Xiaoyan, CHEN Hao, ZHANG Ying, HUANG Hutao. Prevalence of musculoskeletal muscle disease and its correlation with workload among dentists[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2021, 39(1): 6-11. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.01.002
Citation: ZHANG Ping, ZHANG Weiwei, JIANG Caidi, LI Xiaoyan, CHEN Hao, ZHANG Ying, HUANG Hutao. Prevalence of musculoskeletal muscle disease and its correlation with workload among dentists[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2021, 39(1): 6-11. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.01.002
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口腔医生肌肉骨骼疾患与工作负荷的相关性分析

Prevalence of musculoskeletal muscle disease and its correlation with workload among dentists

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  调查口腔医生的肌肉骨骼疾患（musculoskeletal disorders，MSDs）患病情况，分析其发生与工作负荷之间的关系。
      方法  采用肌肉骨骼疾患调查表，于2020年4月以口腔医生自填的方式进行横断面调查。调查内容包括口腔医生的一般情况、身体各主要部位的MSDs患病情况、主观疲劳程度以及与工作负荷可能相关的因素，采用χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析等方法分析MSDs患病的可能影响因素。
      结果  共有27个省或直辖市656名口腔医生填写了调查问卷，有效问卷614份，有效应答率93.6%。过去12个月内口腔医生身体任一部位MSDs患病率为82.4%，其中颈部最高（75.2%），腰部次之（50.8%）。过去12个月、过去7 d及2020年3月口腔医生的每周平均工作时间分别为（5.3 ±0.8）d、（4.8 ±1.6）d和（3.3 ±1.9）d。过去12个月口腔医生身体任一部位MSDs患病率（82.4%）>过去7 d（67.8%）> 3月（48.9%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：每周工作时间增加1 d，其中任一部位发生MSDs的危险性为原来的1.45倍（P < 0.01）、颈部为原来的1.55倍（P < 0.01）；人员短缺（OR=1.82）和年龄（OR=1.70，36~45岁相对于≤ 35岁）也是任一部位发生MSDs的危险因素（P < 0.05）；工间休息则是MSDs的保护因素，其中相对于没有工间休息的口腔医生，工间休息1~2次的医生颈部、腰部发生MSDs的危险性分别仅为0.57倍和0.55倍（P < 0.01或0.05）；工间休息> 2次的医生任一部位、颈部、腰部发生MSDs的危险性分别仅为0.40、0.46和0.55倍（P < 0.01或0.05）；相对于没有或极少加班或拖班，有时、经常加班或拖班的医生腰部发生MSDs的危险性分别为1.59倍和2.07倍（P < 0.01）；相比有四手操作，无助手进行四手操作的口腔医生发生腰部患MSDs的危险性增至1.80倍（P < 0.01）。MSDs患病率与口腔医生下班时的主观疲劳程度存在关联（P < 0.01），均随着主观疲劳程度的加重而升高。
      结论  口腔医生MSDs患病率较高，应采取措施降低其工作负荷，减少工作时间，增加工间休息次数。此外还应重视口腔医生及辅助人员的培养。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists, and explore its association with their workload.
      Methods  In April 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with the musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire. The survey included the basic information of dentists, the prevalence of MSDs in the main parts of the body, the degree of subjective fatigue and possible factors related to workload. The possible influencing factors of MSDs were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression.
      Results  A total of 656 dentists from 27 provinces or municipalities completed the questionnaire. Among them 614 questionnaires were valid and the effective response rate was 93.6%. In the past 12 months, the prevalence of MSDs in any part of the dentists' body was 82.4%, with the highest in neck (75.2%), followed by wais(t 50.8%). The average weekly working days of dentists in the past 12 months, the past 7 days and March 2020 were(5.3 ±0.8)d, (4.8 ±1.6)d and(3.3 ±1.9)d, respectively. The prevalence of MSDs in any part of the body in the past 12 months(82.4%)was higher than that in the past 7 days(67.8%) and that in March(48.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MSDs increased to 1.45 times (P < 0.01)at any part and 1.55 times in the neck(P < 0.01) respectively with increment of working hours by 1 day per week. The manpower shortage(OR=1.82) and old age (OR=1.7, aged 36-45 years vs. aged 35 years)were also the risk of MSDs at any part (P < 0.05). Work break was a protective factor, compared with the dentists without break, with the risk of MSDs of dentists with 1-2 times break only 0.57 and 0.55 in neck and waist, respectively (P < 0.01 or 0.05), and the risk of the dentists with more than 2 times break was only 0.40 times, 0.46 times and 0.55 times in any part, neck and waist, respectively (P < 0.05). The dentists who had sometimes or frequently overtime work weekdays and weekends had higher risk of MSDs in the waist, and the OR was 1.59 and 2.07, respectively (P < 0.01). The dentists who had no assistant while operating had higher risk of MSDs in the waist(OR=1.80), compared with whom having assistant(P < 0.01). The prevalence of MSDs was positively associated with the degree of fatigue of dentists at end of work(P < 0.01).
      Conclusions  The dentists had higher prevalence of MSDs. Measures should be taken to reduce their workload and working hours, and increase the number of work break. In addition, we should pay attention to the training of dentists and their assistants.

     

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