杨凤, 尹艳, 郭薇薇, 窦婷婷, 方亚敏, 王锦香, 贾晓东. 作业场所气体保护焊焊接烟尘特征研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2021, 39(3): 245-250. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.03.001
引用本文: 杨凤, 尹艳, 郭薇薇, 窦婷婷, 方亚敏, 王锦香, 贾晓东. 作业场所气体保护焊焊接烟尘特征研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2021, 39(3): 245-250. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.03.001
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YANG Feng, YIN Yan, GUO Weiwei, DOU Tingting, FANG Yamin, WANG Jinxiang, JIA Xiaodong. Study on welding fume particles of gas shielded welding in workplaces[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2021, 39(3): 245-250. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.03.001
Citation: YANG Feng, YIN Yan, GUO Weiwei, DOU Tingting, FANG Yamin, WANG Jinxiang, JIA Xiaodong. Study on welding fume particles of gas shielded welding in workplaces[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2021, 39(3): 245-250. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2021.03.001
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作业场所气体保护焊焊接烟尘特征研究

Study on welding fume particles of gas shielded welding in workplaces

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  研究作业场所气体保护焊焊接烟尘暴露特征，为作业场所电焊烟尘颗粒物健康危害评估与控制提供基础数据。
      方法  在实验测试空间中模拟焊接作业过程，分别在距离焊源50 cm（焊接人员作业位）和250 cm处（电焊辅助工作业位），检测焊接烟尘中颗粒物的粒径分布、数量浓度、质量浓度及其随距离及时间的变化情况，同时对烟尘进行采样，分析烟尘中金属元素含量及分布情况。
      结果  焊接150 s过程中，距离焊源50 cm处检测颗粒物总数量浓度为（72.50±16.55）×105个/cm3，其中超细颗粒物（颗粒直径 < 100 nm）约占60%；一旦焊接结束，数量浓度下降明显（P < 0.01），尤其是超细颗粒物下降显著，50 nm、100 nm、1 000 nm粒径通道颗粒物数量浓度下降率分别为94.45%、78.93%和50.63%；焊接中，距离焊源250 cm处检测的颗粒物数量浓度和PM1质量浓度相比本底值明显升高（P < 0.01），分别为本底值的45.84倍和2.9倍，最高数量浓度为（20.47±5.91）×105个/cm3，但低于50 cm处数量浓度值（P < 0.01）；焊接烟尘中0.32~0.56 μm粒径的金属元素的质量浓度达到峰值，其中超细颗粒物质量分数是总金属元素的10.06%。
      结论  电焊作业能产生大量超细颗粒物；焊接烟尘金属及其化合物主要分布于细颗粒和超细颗粒电焊烟尘中，有可能发挥更高的潜在毒性。作业场所应加强局部通风，防止烟尘逸散，同时要加强电焊操作工和辅助工的个人防护和岗位监测。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To study the exposure characteristics of welding fume of gas shielded welding in workplaces, and to provide basic data for health risk assessment and control of welding fume particles in workplaces.
      Methods  In the experimental test space, the welding process was simulated. The particle size distribution, particle number concentration and mass concentration of the welding fume were detected at the welding personnel's working positions and the auxiliary welding positions(50 cm and 250 cm away from the welding source). Meanwhile, the particle size sampling was carried out to analyze the content and distribution of metal elements in the fume.
      Results  During 150 s of welding, the average concentration of particles detected at 50 cm away from the welding source was(72.50±16.55)×105 particles/cm3, of which about 60% were ultrafine particles(particle diameter < 100 nm). Once the welding stopped, the number concentration of particles decreased significantly(P < 0.01), especially the ultrafine particles. The number concentration of particles in 50 nm, 100 nm and 1 000 nm diameter channels decreased by 94.45%, 78.93% and 50.63%, respectively. During welding, the number concentration and mass concentration of particles detected at 250 cm away from the welding source were significantly higher than the background value(P < 0.01), which were 45.84 times and 2.9 times of the background value, respectively, and the highest number concentration was(20.47±5.91)×105/cm3, but it was lower than the concentration at 50 cm(P < 0.01). The mass concentration of metal elements in welding fume with particle size of 0.32 - 0.56 μm reached the peak, and the mass fraction of ultrafine particles was 10.06% of the total metal elements.
      Conclusions  A large number of ultra-fine particles were produced in welding operation; welding fume metals and their compounds were mainly distributed in fine particles and ultra-fine welding fume, which may have a higher potential toxicity. The local ventilation and personal protection should be strengthened in workplaces, and the protection and monitoring of welding operators and auxiliary workers should be strengthened.

     

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