王文朋, 黄云彪, 李钢, 沈惠平. 造船企业噪声所致作业工人高频听力损失回顾性队列研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(2): 127-132. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.02.001
引用本文: 王文朋, 黄云彪, 李钢, 沈惠平. 造船企业噪声所致作业工人高频听力损失回顾性队列研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(2): 127-132. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.02.001
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WANG Wenpeng, HUANG Yunbiao, LI Gang, SHEN Huiping. A retrospective cohort study on high-frequency hearing loss of workers occupationally exposed to noise in shipbuilding enterprise[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(2): 127-132. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.02.001
Citation: WANG Wenpeng, HUANG Yunbiao, LI Gang, SHEN Huiping. A retrospective cohort study on high-frequency hearing loss of workers occupationally exposed to noise in shipbuilding enterprise[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(2): 127-132. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.02.001
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造船企业噪声所致作业工人高频听力损失回顾性队列研究

A retrospective cohort study on high-frequency hearing loss of workers occupationally exposed to noise in shipbuilding enterprise

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探讨造船业不同职业性噪声暴露水平对作业工人高频听力损失的影响。
      方法  采用回顾性队列研究方法，对上海市浦东新区某造船企业进行现场职业卫生调查，收集噪声暴露工人2016—2020年听力检测资料，根据噪声暴露水平，将工人分为高暴露组≥90.0 dB（A）、中暴露组85.0~90.0 dB（A）和低暴露组 < 85.0 dB（A），采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析高频听力损失的影响因素。
      结果  2016年有1 240名研究对象进入队列，随访期间进入队列人员105名，失访85名，截至2020年12月31日，有1 260名完成1次及以上健康检查和听力测试。共检出高频听力损失154例，检出率为12.22%。Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示：与低暴露组比较，中、高暴露组发生高频听力损失的风险增加（P < 0.01），其RR（95% CI）值分别为4.594（2.874~7.345）和5.355（3.277~8.749）；与暴露时间 < 5年组相比，暴露时间为15~24年、≥25年组发生高频听力损失的风险增加（P < 0.01），其RR（95% CI）值分别为3.883（1.397~10.794）、4.317（1.542~12.085）；与不接触其他有害物质组比较，接触多种职业病危害因素组发生高频听力损失的风险增加（P < 0.01），其RR（95% CI）值为2.057（1.627~3.030）。
      结论  造船企业噪声暴露工人高频听力损失发生率较高。企业应积极寻求有效干预措施，减少工人噪声暴露水平和暴露时间，保护工人听力健康。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To observe the effect of different occupational noise exposure levels on high-frequency hearing loss in shipbuilding workers.
      Methods  A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a shipbuilding enterprise in Pudong, Shanghai, by which the hearing test data of noise-exposed workers from 2016 to 2020 were collected. The workers were divided into three groups according to their exposure level, namely the high exposure group ≥ 90.0 dB(A), the moderate exposure group 85.0-90.0 dB(A), and the low exposure group < 85.0 dB(A). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for high-frequency hearing loss.
      Results  Totally 1 240 workers were included in the cohort in 2016, while 105 workers were added and 85 were lost during the follow-up period until December 31, 2020; 1 260 noise-exposed workers completed one or more health examinations and hearing tests, and 154 subjects had high-frequency hearing loss with an incidence rate of 12.22%. The results of the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the risk of high-frequency hearing loss among workers in the middle and high exposure groups was higher than that in the low exposure group (P < 0.01), with RR (95% CI) values of 4.594 (2.874-7.345) and 5.355 (3.277-8.749), respectively. Compared with workers exposed for less than 5 years, those exposed for 15-24 years, longer than or equal to 25 years, had an increased risk of high-frequency hearing loss (P < 0.01), with RR (95% CI) values of 3.883 (1.397-10.794) and 4.317 (1.542-12.085), respectively. Compared with non-exposed workers, the workers with exposure to multiple occupational hazards increased the risk of high-frequency hearing loss (P < 0.01), with a RR (95% CI) of 2.057 (1.627-3.030).
      Conclusions  The incidence of high-frequency hearing loss was high among workers exposed to noise in shipbuilding enterprises. Enterprises should actively seek effective intervention measures to reduce noise exposure intensity and exposure time to protect workers' hearing health.

     

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