李旭峰, 李燕, 倪鹏飞, 李晓涵, 白勇. 粉尘作业人员肺功能及影响因素分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(3): 282-286. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.03.005
引用本文: 李旭峰, 李燕, 倪鹏飞, 李晓涵, 白勇. 粉尘作业人员肺功能及影响因素分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(3): 282-286. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.03.005
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LI Xufeng, LI Yan, NI Pengfei, LI Xiaohan, BAI Yong. Pulmonary function condition and influencing factors in dust-exposed workers[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(3): 282-286. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.03.005
Citation: LI Xufeng, LI Yan, NI Pengfei, LI Xiaohan, BAI Yong. Pulmonary function condition and influencing factors in dust-exposed workers[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(3): 282-286. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.03.005
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粉尘作业人员肺功能及影响因素分析

Pulmonary function condition and influencing factors in dust-exposed workers

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  通过对贵阳市粉尘作业人员的肺功能检查，探讨影响其肺功能的主要因素。
      方法  选取2020年1—12月在贵阳市公共卫生救治中心进行在岗期间职业健康检查的964名工作人员，分为接尘组（526人）和对照组（438人），比较两组人员基本特征和肺功能检查结果。利用多因素logistic回归分析影响接尘作业人员肺功能的相关因素。
      结果  接尘组的高千伏胸片异常率、胸闷症状发生率、气促症状发生率、咳嗽症状发生率、咳痰症状发生率均高于对照组（34.60% vs. 21.69%、19.39% vs. 1.83%、10.27% vs. 1.14%、23.76% vs. 13.70%、18.06% vs. 7.08%），差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。接尘组的肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC均低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P < 0.001）；接尘组肺功能异常率（26.62%）明显高于对照组（13.24%），差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：工龄、年龄增长是接尘工人肺功能异常的危险因素（OR = 1.292 ~ 1.560，P < 0.05）；相比接触电焊粉尘，接触矽尘、煤尘的工人发生肺功能异常的危险性增加至1.510、1.428倍（P < 0.05）；经常佩戴防护用具是肺功能异常的保护因素（OR = 0.594）；相比大型企业的接尘人员，中小型企业接尘人员肺功能异常的危险性增加（OR =1.259、1.042，P < 0.05）。
      结论  企业应按照规定周期对接尘作业人员进行职业健康体检，及时掌握职工肺部及肺功能情况，并且要加强作业人员的防护意识，佩戴防护用品，多方面预防尘肺病的发生。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To investigate the main factors affecting the pulmonary function of the dust-exposed workers in Guiyang City.
      Methods  A total of 964 workers who had undergone the occupational health examination during the on-the-job period were selected from Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center in the period of January 2020 to December 2020 and divided into the dust-exposed group (n= 526) and the control group (n= 438). The basic characteristics and lung function examination results of workers in these two groups were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the lung function of the dust-exposed workers.
      Results  The incidence of abnormal high-kV chest radiograph (34.60%), chest tightness (19.39%), shortness of breath (10.27%), cough (23.76%), and sputum (18.06%) were all significantly higher in the dust-exposed group than those in the control group (21.69%, 1.83%, 1.14%, 13.70%, and 7.08%, respectively), and the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.001). The lung function indexes, including the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, of workers in the dust-exposed group were significantly lower than those of workers in the control group (P < 0.001). The incidence of abnormal lung function in workers in the dustexposed group (26.62%) was significantly higher than that of workers in the control group (13.24%) (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that working time and age growth were the risk factors for abnormal lung function in dust-exposed workers (OR = 1.292-1.560, P < 0.05). Compared with those exposed to welding dust, the risk of abnormal lung function in workers exposed to silica dust and coal dust increased by 1.510 and 1.428 times, respectively (P < 0.05). Frequent wearing of protective equipment was a protective factor for abnormal lung function (OR = 0.594). Compared with the dust-exposed workers in large enterprises, the risk of abnormal lung function in dust-exposed workers in small and medium-sized enterprises was increased (OR = 1.259, 1.042, P < 0.05).
      Conclusions  Enterprises should organize occupational health examinations for dust-exposed workers periodically, keep track of their workers' lung health, strengthen workers' awareness of protection, and ensure they wear protective gear to prevent pneumoconiosis.

     

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