山西省某医院工作场所暴力对儿科护士职业倦怠的影响研究

李京; 赵丽娟; 刘文硕; 胡潇楠; 燕娟

doi:10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.05.002

山西省某医院工作场所暴力对儿科护士职业倦怠的影响研究

Impact of workplace violence on job burnout among pediatric nurses in a hospital in Shanxi Province

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨心理资本和组织支持感在工作场所暴力影响儿科护士职业倦怠中的作用机制。
方法 2022年4—5月，采用便利抽样方法，使用工作场所暴力量表、心理资本量表、组织支持感量表和职业倦怠量表对山西省某三甲儿童医院的417名儿科护士进行问卷调查，比较不同人口学特征护士职业倦怠水平的差异，用Pearson相关分析各量表得分之间的相关关系，用Bootstrap方法验证变量间的中介效应。
结果儿科护士的职业倦怠发生率为66.91%(279/417)。不同年龄、婚姻状况、聘用形式、日均工作时长、月平均收入、科室的儿科护士的职业倦怠得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，以年龄31~40岁、已婚、非正式在编、急诊科、日均工作时长高、月平均收入低的儿科护士的职业倦怠水平较高。工作场所暴力与心理资本、组织支持感为负相关(r=-0.269、-0.303，P＜0.01)，与职业倦怠为正相关(r=0.418，P＜0.01)，心理资本、组织支持感与职业倦怠为负相关(r=-0.543、-0.543，P＜0.01)，心理资本与组织支持感为正相关(r=0.488，P＜0.01)。中介效应分析显示：组织支持感和心理资本单独作为中介变量以及共同作为链式中介变量的间接效应均显著，中介效应值为0.095、0.044、0.043，分别占总效应的22.51%、10.42%、10.18%。
结论儿科护士的职业倦怠水平较高。工作场所暴力通过心理资本、组织支持感的中介作用以及两者的链式中介作用影响职业倦怠。医院管理者可通过提高儿科护士的心理资本和组织支持感来缓解工作场所暴力对职业倦怠的影响。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the mechanism of psychological capital and perceived organizational support in the influence of workplace violence on pediatric nurses'burnout.
Methods By convenience sampling method, 417 pediatric nurses in a tertiary children's hospital in Shanxi Province were surveyed with the questionnaires from April to May 2022, including the Workplace Violence Scale, the Psychological Capital Scale, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and the Occupational Burnout Scale. Differences in job burnout among pediatric nurses with different demographic characteristics were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations among the scores of each scale. The Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating effects between variables.
Results The prevalence of job burnout among these pediatric nurses was 66.91%(279/417). Statistically significant differences in job burnout scores were found among pediatric nurses with different ages, marital statuses, employment types, average daily working hours, average monthly incomes, and working departments(P < 0.05). The pediatric nurses aged 31-40 years, married, informally employed, working in the emergency department, having longer average daily working hours, and earning lower average monthly incomes had higher levels of job burnout. Workplace violence was negatively correlated with psychological capital(r=-0.269, P < 0.01) and perceived organizational support(r=-0.303, P < 0.01), and positively correlated with job burnout(r=0. 418, P < 0. 01). Psychological capital(r=-0. 543, P < 0. 01) and perceived organizational support(r=-0.543, P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with job burnout, while psychological capital was positively correlated with perceived organizational support(r=0.488, P < 0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that the indirect effects of perceived organizational support and psychological capital as single mediators and as chained mediators were significant, with the mediating effect values of 0.095, 0.044, and 0.043 accounting for 22.51%, 10.42%, and 10.18% of the total effect, respectively.
Conclusions Pediatric nurses had a high level of job burnout. Workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediating roles of psychological capital and perceived organizational support, as well as their chained mediating effect. Hospital administrators should improve pediatric nurses'psychological capital and perceived organizational support to alleviate the impact of workplace violence on job burnout.

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