宾晓燕, 李玲, 张明杰, 常勇, 吴旭云, 冯厚滨. 1957—2022年桂林市职业性尘肺病患者调查[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(6): 727-731. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.06.014
引用本文: 宾晓燕, 李玲, 张明杰, 常勇, 吴旭云, 冯厚滨. 1957—2022年桂林市职业性尘肺病患者调查[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(6): 727-731. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.06.014
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BIN Xiaoyan, LI Ling, ZHANG Mingjie, CHANG Yong, WU Xuyun, FENG Houbin. A survey of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis reported in Guilin from 1957 to 2022[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(6): 727-731. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.06.014
Citation: BIN Xiaoyan, LI Ling, ZHANG Mingjie, CHANG Yong, WU Xuyun, FENG Houbin. A survey of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis reported in Guilin from 1957 to 2022[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(6): 727-731. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.06.014
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1957—2022年桂林市职业性尘肺病患者调查

A survey of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis reported in Guilin from 1957 to 2022

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析桂林市职业性尘肺病发病特点和变化趋势，了解尘肺病患者健康状况，为制定相关防治政策提供基础数据。
    方法 选取桂林市1957—2022年报告的职业性尘肺病患者为调查对象，开展随访与回顾性调查。对尘肺病患者的发病年龄、工龄、性别、尘肺病种类、发病年度以及保障情况等进行分析。
    结果 共调查1957—2022年报告的桂林市职业性尘肺病患者724例，1980—1985年5年间尘肺病发病达峰值，不同年份组诊断的尘肺病期别构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。724例患者中，男女性别比为71.4：1。尘肺病以壹期为主，370例（占51.10%）；以矽肺为主，共693例（占95.72%）；余7种尘肺病仅占31例。尘肺病发病年龄的M（P25，P75）为48.46（41.69，55.15）岁，不同年龄段的尘肺病期别构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。尘肺病接尘工龄M（P25，P75）为17.33（11.17，24.33）年，不同接尘工龄的尘肺病期别构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。桂林市尘肺病存活患者社会保障落实主要以城乡居民医疗保险为主（占96.43%），工伤保险保障落实率为44.39%。
    结论 桂林市职业性尘肺病以矽肺为主，2015年后尘肺病年报告数明显下降，尘肺病防治攻坚行动效果显著。应继续加强对粉尘危害企业的监管，加强对重点人群职业防护宣传，提高工伤保险落实率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the characteristics and trends of occupational pneumoconiosis in Guilin City, understand the health status of pneumoconiosis patients, and provide basic data for formulating relevant prevention and control policies.
    Methods The occupational pneumoconiosis patients reported in Guilin City from 1957 to 2022 were selected as the investigation objects to carry out follow-up and retrospective investigations. The age of onset, working years, gender, type of pneumoconiosis, year of onset, and security status of pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed.
    Results A total of 724 occupational pneumoconiosis patients reported in Guilin City from 1957 to 2022 were investigated. The peak incidence of pneumoconiosis occurred during the 5-year period from 1980 to 1985. There were statistically significant differences in the composition of pneumoconiosis stages diagnosed in different years(P < 0.05). Among the 724 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 71.4:1, among which pneumoconiosis was mainly in the first stage, with 370 cases(51.10%); 693 cases were mainly silicosis, accounting for 95.72%; and the remaining 7 types of pneumoconiosis accounted for only 31 cases. The median(P25, P75) age of pneumoconiosis onset was 48.46(41.69, 55.15) years old, and the difference in the distribution of pneumoconiosis stages in different age groups was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The median(P25, P75) dust exposure time of these pneumoconiosis cases was 17.33(11.17, 24.33) years, and the difference in the distribution of pneumoconiosis stages in different groups of dust exposure time was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The social security of pneumoconiosis survivors in Guilin City was mainly based on urban and rural residents' medical insurance, which accounted for 96.43%, while work-related injury insurance accounted for 44.39%.
    Conclusions Occupational pneumoconiosis in Guilin City was mainly silicosis. After 2015, the annual report of pneumoconiosis decreased significantly, and the effect of the comprehensive control measures against pneumoconiosis was remarkable. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the supervision of enterprises with dust hazards, strengthen the occupational protection propaganda for key populations, and improve the implementation of work-related injury insurance.

     

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