Objective  To understand the current status of knowledge, attitude/belief, and practice (KAP) regarding pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pneumoconiosis, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a reference for further intervention measures.

Methods  From January 2021 to December 2022, 168 inpatients with pneumoconiosis in a certain hospital were studied. The Questionnaire Star applet was used to conduct a survey using a general information questionnaire and a self-designed pulmonary rehabilitation KAP questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of KAP in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Results  The total KAP score of the study subjects was (88.77 ± 14.63), with a score rate of 68.28%. The scores for each dimension of KAP were (41.62 ± 5.93), (16.89 ± 1.80), and (30.26 ± 9.50), respectively, with a score rate of 69.37%, 84.45%, and 60.52%, respectively, which all were at a moderate level. Knowledge with attitude, knowledge with behavior, and behavior with attitude were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.439, r = 0.507, r = 0.549, all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, per capita monthly family income, and comorbidities or complications were possible influencing factors for the knowledge score of pulmonary rehabilitation. Among them, compared with the 50 to 59 year age group, the knowledge score of patients under the 50 year age group increased by 2.619 points (P < 0.01); compared with the group with a per capita monthly family income of less than 2 000 yuan, the knowledge scores of the groups with an income of 2 000 to 4 000 yuan and above 4 000 yuan increased by 1.991 points and 3.831 points, respectively (both P < 0.05); compared with the group with comorbidities or complications, the knowledge score of the group without comorbidities or complications increased by 1.976 points (P < 0.05). The age, diagnostic stage of pneumoconiosis, and the number of hospitalizations for pneumoconiosis were possible influencing factors for the belief score of pulmonary rehabilitation. In particular, compared with the 50 to 59 year age group, the belief score of patients aged 60 and above decreased by 1.963 points (P < 0.01); compared with patients with stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis, the belief score of patients with stage I pneumoconiosis increased by 0.950 points (P < 0.01); compared with patients hospitalized 2 to 3 times for pneumoconiosis, the belief score of patients hospitalized for the first time increased by 1.609 points (P < 0.01). Diagnostic stage, educational level, and comorbidities or complications were possible influencing factors for the behavior score of pulmonary rehabilitation. Compared with patients with stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis, the behavior score of patients with stage I pneumoconiosis increased by 6.570 points (P < 0.01); compared with the junior high school education group, the behavior scores of the primary school and high school or above groups increased by 5.911 and 5.996 points, respectively (both P < 0.01); compared with the group with comorbidities or complications, the behavior score of the group without comorbidities or complications decreased by 6.100 points (P < 0.05).

Conclusions  The levels of knowledge, belief, and behavior regarding pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pneumoconiosis need to be improved. Clinically, corresponding nursing interventions should be formulated based on the current status and influencing factors of KAP in pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pneumoconiosis to improve their KAP levels and quality of life.