荣幸, 廖阳, 周海林, 何易楠, 张玉侠, 王致. 广州市重点职业病危害作业工人职业健康状况及职业病发病风险研判[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2024, 42(5): 605-610. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2024.05.008
引用本文: 荣幸, 廖阳, 周海林, 何易楠, 张玉侠, 王致. 广州市重点职业病危害作业工人职业健康状况及职业病发病风险研判[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2024, 42(5): 605-610. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2024.05.008
RONG Xing, LIAO Yang, ZHOU Hailin, HE Yinan, ZHANG Yuxia, WANG Zhi. Occupational health status and occupational disease risk assessment of workers in key occupational disease hazardous operations in Guangzhou[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2024, 42(5): 605-610. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2024.05.008
Citation: RONG Xing, LIAO Yang, ZHOU Hailin, HE Yinan, ZHANG Yuxia, WANG Zhi. Occupational health status and occupational disease risk assessment of workers in key occupational disease hazardous operations in Guangzhou[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2024, 42(5): 605-610. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2024.05.008

广州市重点职业病危害作业工人职业健康状况及职业病发病风险研判

Occupational health status and occupational disease risk assessment of workers in key occupational disease hazardous operations in Guangzhou

  • 摘要:

    目的 了解广州市重点职业病危害作业工人的职业健康状况,为制定广州市职业健康保护策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对广州市2016—2023年矽尘、苯、铅和噪声作业工人在岗期间职业健康状况进行分析。结果 2016年1月1日—2023年12月31日广州市开展矽尘、苯、铅和噪声作业工人在岗期间职业健康检查共798 869人次,其中矽尘作业14 072人次(占1.76%),苯作业99 046人次(占12.40%),铅作业10 441人次(占1.31%),噪声作业675 310人次(占84.53%)。8年共检出疑似职业病566例,检出率为0.07%;疑似职业病检出率依次为:疑似职业性矽肺的0.09%(13/14 072)、疑似职业性噪声聋的0.07%(501/675 310)、疑似职业性苯中毒的0.05%(50/99 046)和疑似职业性慢性铅中毒的0.02%(2/10 441)。检出职业禁忌证13 619例,检出率为1.70%;检出率较高的为:噪声作业的1.86%(12 556/675 310)、苯作业的1.11%(1 101/99 046)和矽尘作业的0.50%(71/14 072)。2016—2023年关键性指标异常检出率从高到低依次为:噪声作业的8.04%(57 917/720 802)、苯作业的1.54%(1 503/97 488)、铅作业的1.31%(79/6 028)、矽尘作业的0.50%(61/12 189);苯作业劳动者白细胞减少检出率、铅作业劳动者血铅升高检出率随着时间的推移,均呈现出上升的趋势(P < 0.05)。此外,制造业、中小微型、内资企业劳动者职业健康损害的检出率较高。结论 广州市目前接触矽尘、苯、铅和噪声的劳动者健康状况尚可。但仍有部分劳动者存在疑似职业病和职业禁忌证,尤其是噪声作业劳动者。因此,需要通过规范开展职业健康检查来精准识别和及早预防各类职业病。

     

    Abstract:

    Objective To understand the occupational health status of workers in selected industries with key occupational hazards in Guangzhou and to provide a basis for formulating occupational health protection strategies in Guangzhou.

    Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the occupational health status of workers working with silica dust, benzene, lead, and noise during their on-the-job period in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2023.

    Results There were 798 869 records of occupational health examinations during this period among the examined workers exposed to silica dust, benzene, lead, and noise in Guangzhou from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2023. Of them, there were 14 072 examinations for silica dust exposure (1.76%), 99 046 for benzene exposure (12.40%), 10 441 for lead exposure (1.31%), and 675 310 for noise exposure(84.53%). Over the eight years, 566 suspected cases of occupational diseases were detected, with a detection rate of 0.07%. The detection rates of suspected occupational diseases were, in order, 0.09% (13/14 072) for suspected occupational silicosis, 0.07% (501/675 310) for suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss, 0.05% (50/99 046) for suspected occupational benzene poisoning, and 0.02% (2/10 441) for suspected occupational chronic lead poisoning. A total of 13 619 cases of occupational contraindications were detected, with a detection rate of 1.70%; of these, the higher detection rates were in noise exposure (1.86%, 12 556/675 310), benzene exposure (1.11%, 1 101/99 046), and silica dust exposure (0.50%, 71/14 072). The detected abnormal rates of critical effect indicators in 2016-2023 were as follows: 8.04% for noise exposure (57 917/720 802), 1.54% for benzene exposure (1 503/97 488), 1.31% for lead exposure (79/6 028), and 0.50% for silica dust exposure (61/12 189). The detection rates of leukopenia in benzene-exposed workers and elevated blood lead levels in lead-exposed workers showed an upward trend over time (P < 0.05). Additionally, the exposed workers in manufacturing, small and medium-sized microenterprises, and domestic enterprises had higher rates of occupational health damage.

    Conclusions The current health status of workers exposed to silica dust, benzene, lead, and noise in Guangzhou was generally acceptable. However, there were still some workers who had suspected occupational diseases and/or occupational contraindications, especially those exposed to noise. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify and prevent various occupational diseases through standardized occupational health examinations.

     

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