Abstract: Objective To investigate the hematuria occurrence of coal miners, explore the cause of hematuria and present suggestion on preventive measures. Methods The results of urinary occult blood test (screening) and microscopic examination (recheck) of all male workers in two coal mines were extracted from the occupational health examination data. The results of coal miners were compared with the workers engaged in ground operation. Results The hematuria occurrence of 4 372 coal miners was 9.97% while the hematuria occurrence of 1 884 workers engaged in ground operation was 6.47%. There was a great difference between these two groups(χ²=19.82,P < 0.01). The severity of hematuria and occurrence of proteinuria were also higher among coal miners(χ²=156.24、17.02,P < 0.01). Conclusion The increased hematuria occurrence maybe be attributed to the high temperature,high humidity and extremely worsening working environment. We should consider these when the regular occupational health examination is organized.