Abstract: With the development of society and the progress of science and technology,the radioactive materials and ionizing radiation equipment have been used more and more widely and the probability of the nuclear leakage accidents increases simultaneously. This paper introduced the characteristic and resulting adverse consequences of nuclear radiation accidents. The emergency rescue procedures in nuclear radiation accidents were described in detail and key points were discussed. It can provide helpful references for the improvement of fire forces' capability in fire fighting and emergency rescue against nuclear accident.