摘要:
目的 了解深圳市某街道企业苯、甲苯和二甲苯("三苯")污染情况,为"三苯"的职业病防治提供依据。 方法 收集2009-2013年深圳市某街道工作场所"三苯"检测结果及152份常见有机溶剂挥发性组分分析数据,并进行统计学分析。 结果 五年间,工作场所空气中苯浓度超标率最高为0.86%,检出率最低为1.26%,最高为5.94%,其超标率和检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=15.80、45.32,P < 0.01);甲苯的超标率最高为5.71%,检出率最低为21.34%,最高为69.01%,其超标率和检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=26.69、713.16,P < 0.01);二甲苯超标率最高为1.40%,检出率最低为9.17%,最高为35.14%,其检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=317.04,P < 0.05)。152份有机溶剂中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的检出率分别为2.63%、46.71%和37.50%。 结论 工作场所"三苯"污染已基本得到了控制,但仍需继续加强对溶剂苯的监控。
关键词:
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苯
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甲苯
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二甲苯
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工作场所
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职业病危害
+ English
Abstract:
Objective To observe the levels of benzene,toluene and xylene at workplaces of enterprises located in a district of Shenzhen. Methods The monitoring data of benzene,toluene and xylene at workplaces from different enterprises from 2009 to 2013 were collected and analyzed,and the volatile constituents of 152 common organic solvents were analyzed. Results Benzene was detected in 1.26% to 5.94% samples yearly and maximum 0.86% sample were not compliant with the national standard. Toluene was detected in 21.34% to 69.01% samples yearly and maximum 5.71% samples were not compliant with the national standard. Xylene was detected in 9.17% to 35.14% samples yearly and maximum 1.40% samples were not compliant with the national standard. There were trends that the detectable rates of benzene,toluene and xylene at workplaces all decreased gradually year after year (χ2=45.32,713.16,317.04,P < 0.01 or 0.05).There were trends that the over-standard rates of benzene,toluene and xylene at workplaces decreased gradually year after year (χ2=15.80,26.69,P < 0.01).The detection rates of benzene,toluene and xylene in 152 organic solvents were 2.63%,46.71% and 37.50%,respectively. Conclusion The pollution of benzene,toluene and xylene in the air of workplaces had basically been brought under control,but the monitoring of benzene still need strengthening.
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