Objective To scientifically construct an evaluation index system for infectious disease prevention and control capabilities in elderly care institutions, providing a reference for the construction of infectious disease prevention and control capabilities.

Methods Utilizing literature research, group discussions, and expert consultations, the index system and the weights of each level of indicators were determined through the Delphi method.

Results Twenty experts were consulted, with the enthusiasm of experts in both rounds of consultation being 1.00. The authority coefficients (Cr) were 0.84 and 0.86, respectively, and the comprehensive coordination coefficients (W) for expert opinions were 0.49 (P < 0.01) and 0.57 (P < 0.01). The necessity scores for the second round of evaluation indicators were all > 8 points, the operability scores were all > 7.5 points, and the coefficients of variation were all < 0.25. After two rounds of expert consultations, the evaluation index system for infectious disease prevention and control capabilities in elderly care institutions was determined, including four primary indicators "(System Implementation", weight 0.372 5;"Organizational Guarantee", weight 0.2800; "Health Education", weight 0.192 5; "Baseline Situation", weight 0.155 0), 11 secondary indicators, and 57 tertiary indicators. Among the secondary indicators, the more important ones included"Implementation of Preventive Measures (weight 0.145 3)", "Health Literacy (weight 0.117 3)", and"Implementation of Epidemic Disposal Facilities (weight 0.131 9)".

Conclusions The constructed evaluation index system for infectious disease prevention and control capabilities in elderly care institutions is scientifically rational. Establishing reasonable work systems and ensuring their effective implementation are of paramount importance for the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks.