Objective This paper aimed to investigate the possible factors affecting results of occupational hazard evaluation in construction projects and provide technical support for improvement of the work on prevention and control of occupational hazards in enterprises.

Methods Totally 107 evaluation reports on control effectiveness and/or status quo of occupational hazard evaluation in construction projects, originating from different industries in 20 provinces or municipalities were carefully studied. The reason of non-compliance of occupational hazards at workplaces with OELs were analyzed with logistic regression analysis.

Results The compliance rate of occupational hazards in the construction projects, in which the facilities against occupational hazards didn't meet the governmental requirements, was lower than that in which the facilities against occupational hazards met the governmental requirements, with the OR value 12.01(P < 0.05). The compliance rate in the enterprises with severe occupational health risk was lower compared with that with mild and/or moderate occupational health risk, and the OR value was 6.28 and 6.8, respectively(P < 0.05). It was also noted that the management work on occupational health was not the affecting factor.

Conclusion Enterprises should focus on strengthening the construction of facilities against occupational hazards. The governmental department should strengthen the supervision on enterprises with serious occupational health risk, while more attention should also be paid to the large-scale enterprises or the enterprises with occupational hazards not listed in the official catalogue of occupational hazards.